Cataract surgery using small-incision phacoemulsification techniques has advanced significantly, offering excellent refractive outcomes that both surgeons and patients now expect. Preoperative refractive errors can be effectively corrected, often resulting in good postoperative unaided distance acuity. Additionally, the choice of intraocular lens (IOL) type and power plays a crucial role in enhancing unaided near acuity.[1,2] Monofocal IOLs, typically used to target distance vision, often leave patients highly dependent on glasses for near tasks. In contrast, multifocal IOLs improve unaided near acuity and reduce the need for spectacles by addressing visual limitations at near and intermediate distances that monofocal lenses cannot correct. However, multifocal IOLs are not universally used, as their higher cost, potential for postoperative dysphotopsia, and reduced efficacy in patients with refractive error or ocular comorbidities can limit their application.[3]

Monofocal IOLs are the most commonly used type of intraocular lens in cataract surgery, providing excellent distance visual acuity. However, they do not correct presbyopia, leading to the need for reading glasses for near vision. When aiming for emmetropia in both eyes, monofocal IOLs often result in high levels of spectacle dependence for near tasks. To mitigate this, the monovision technique has gained popularity. Monovision involves correcting one eye for near vision and the other for distance vision. This strategy, commonly used in contact lenses and refractive surgery, offers improved near vision without the additional cost of multifocal lenses. Although cost-effective, the main limitation of monofocal IOLs is their inability to address all visual distances, ultimately leaving patients reliant on glasses for near vision in the long term.[4-8]

Multifocal IOLs have significantly advanced cataract surgery by offering both near and distance vision, resulting in greater spectacle independence for patients. These lenses create multiple focal points, allowing patients to see clearly at various distances without corrective lenses.[9-12] However, some challenges are associated with multifocal IOLs. Patients may experience visual disturbances, including glare, halos, and reduced contrast sensitivity, particularly in low-light conditions such as nighttime driving.[13,14] Although multifocal IOLs generally provide better visual outcomes than earlier lens designs, some patients may still need slight near-vision correction. Despite these potential drawbacks, multifocal IOLs continue to be a popular choice for individuals seeking to reduce their reliance on glasses, although patient satisfaction can vary depending on personal tolerance to the associated optical side effects.

The growing demand for improved visual outcomes following cataract surgery has led to the development of various IOLs, including monofocal and multifocal types. While both IOLs offer distinct advantages, their comparative performance in terms of visual acuity, spectacle independence, and optical quality remains an area of interest. Given the varying patient needs and preferences, understanding the differences in outcomes between these two IOL options is crucial for making informed treatment decisions. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the visual outcomes and optical quality parameters of monofocal and multifocal intraocular lenses.

 Objective

• The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the visual outcomes and optical quality parameters of monofocal and multifocal intraocular lenses.